April 30, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM WARD PLUNET

Ward Plunet originally shared this post: Mapping the Flow of Musical Tastes Interesting mining of data from a social music site (last.fm). By tapping into the last.fm API, these Irish researchers modeled the geographic flow of musical influence. They were able to identify where certain tastes frequently originated, and draw a hierarchy of influential cities (like the chart shown above for North America). note – top ranked North American cities: Atlanta, Montreal, Toronto, Chicago. from original article (http://arxiv.org/pdf/1204.2677v1.pdf): _For us, the most surprising features of ?g. 3 are (1) the middle ranking positions of some of the largest cities, such as NYC and LA in ?g. 3a and NYC and Chicago in ?g. 3b and (2) the prominent position of Canadian cities, especially in ?g. 3b._ Using Data to Map Geographic Flow of… Using last.fm Data to Map Geographic Flow of Music By tapping into the last.fm API, these Irish researchers modeled the geographic flow of musical influence. They were able to identify where certain…..
April 29, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM BRAD MORRIS

Disappearing inhibitors Earlier research found that approximately one fifth of the synapses in the brain inhibit rather than excite other nerve-cell activity. Neuroscientists have now shown that many of these inhibitory synapses disappear if the adult brain is forced to learn new skills. They reached this conclusion by labelling inhibitory synapses in mouse brains with fluorescent proteins and then tracking them for several weeks using a specialised microscope. They then closed one of the mice’s eyes temporarily to accustom them to seeing through just one eye. After a few days, the area of the brain that processes information from both eyes began to respond more actively to the open eye. At the same time, many of the inhibitory synapses disappeared and were later replaced by new synapses. Regulating the information network Inhibitory synapses are vital for the way networks function in the brain. “Think of the excitatory synapses as a road network, with traffic being guided from A to B, and the inhibitory synapses as the matrix signs that regulate the traffic,” explains research leader Christiaan Levelt. “The inhibitory synapses ensure an efficient flow of traffic in the brain. If they don’t, the system becomes overloaded, for example as in epilepsy; if they constantly indicate a speed of 20 kilometres an hour, then everything will grind to a halt, for example when an anaesthetic is administered. If you can move the signs to different locations, you can bring about major changes in traffic flows without having to entirely reroute the road network.” Brad Morris originally shared this post: Learning mechanism of the adult brain revealed They say you can’t teach an old dog new tricks. Fortunately, this is not always true. Researchers have now discovered how the adult brain can adapt to new situations. Their study may be significant in…
April 28, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM AMANDA PATTERSON

This is the Digital Age. Get used to it, we’ll be here a while =D h/t +Peter Smalley Amanda Patterson originally shared this post: The Internet’s population has doubled in five years. Africa has gone from 34 million to 140 million, a 317% increase. Asia has gone from 418 million to over 1 billion, a 143% increase. Europe has gone from 322 million to 501 million, a 56% increase. The Middle East has gone from 20 to 77 million, a 294% increase. North America has gone from 233 to 273 million, a 17% increase. Latin America (South & Central America) has gone from 110 to 236 million, a 114% increase. Oceania (including Australia) has gone from 19 to 24 million, a 27% increase. The Internet’s Population Doubled Over the Last… The Internet’s Population Doubled Over the Last Five Years Royal Pingdom susses out some interesting trends about the world’s 2.27 billion Internet users: • Africa has gone from 34 million to 140…
April 27, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM ARS TECHNICA

“There is currently little research exploring neuroscience’s public image. The mass media are the main vectors in the transmission of scientific research. To date, systematic analysis of neuroscience in the media has only addressed the area of media coverage of specific neurotechnologies such as fMRI, PET, and TMS (Racine et al., 2005,Racine et al., 2006,Racine et al., 2010). This research identified three emerging trends in media interpretations of neuroimaging. Neurorealism describes the use of neuroimages to make phenomena seem objective, offering visual proof that a subjective experience (e.g., love, pain, addiction) is a “real thing.” Neuroessentialism denotes depictions of the brain as the essence of a person, with the brain a synonym for concepts like person, self, or soul. Finally, neuropolicy captures the recruitment of neuroscience to support political or policy agendas.” “These studies provide intriguing data, but the exclusive focus on neurotechnologies restricts their scope. To be included in the analysis, media articles had to contain quite technical terms like fMRI or PET: the research therefore overlooked articles that discussed brain research without naming specific technologies or that used lay terms for them (e.g., “brain scans”). Here, we consider how brain science, defined more generally, manifests in the mainstream media.” Matteo Cerri originally shared this post: Neuron – Neuroscience in the Public Sphere Neuroscientists and philosophers nowadays claim that the problem of phenomenal consciousness is a scientific problem. Increasing knowledge of the neural correlates of consciousness is expected to yiel…
April 27, 2012

SIMPLE G+ STREAM MANAGEMENT THERE ARE LOTS…

Simple G+ Stream Management There are lots of good resources for managing circles. This is how I manage my stream. You can have as many circles as you’d like and you don’t need to change the way you manage them. Instead, you want to build 3 meta-circles to manage the stream. These circles are: Internet: Add everyone to this circle. Seriously, everyone. Every time someone adds you, add them to this circle. All of them. Don’t discriminate at this step, there will be time for that later. Main Stream: Add people to this circle if I don’t want to miss any of their posts. This circle is made from people who I have in other circles related to our shared interests, but they are also in this circle because I want to make sure they appear in my stream. Junk: Add people to this circle that you never want to see on your home stream. I arranged my circles so that the Main Stream is first and the Internet circle is second, so they’ll appear in my circle tabs on the home screen. Then, I set the main stream to full blast, the internet cicle to a drip, and the junk circle to zero, as indicated in the picture below. I have lots of other circles for my special interests, but with only a few exceptions those circles are also set to zero. In other words, my home stream is controlled entirely by the Main Stream and Internet circles. That’s it! I’ve circled over 3,000 people this way, and I’m able to manage my stream without much effort. I can’t keep up with everything, of course, but with this method I have better control over what I’m expected to keep up with. Try it out, let me know what you […]
April 27, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM CIRO VILLA

Facebook, Google+, and Internet Environmentalism I know FB/G+ comparisons are tired and lame, but I wrote up this comment in +Ciro Villa’s thread, and it seems to lay out a position that I’m not sure has been explicitly stated before. Comments or suggestions in either thread would be appreciated! _ The typical complaint about G+ relative to FB is that “there’s no one here”. This is a curious sort of argument that pervades many aspects of the contemporary popular discussion. It is a kind of argumentum ad populum: an appeal to the people. Consider the following arguments that share a similar form: I’m not going to put solar panels on my roof because no one else on my block is doing it, and I don’t want to be different. I’m not going to conserve energy and reduce consumption, because no one else is doing it and I want to keep up with their lifestyles. I’m not going to reduce my meat consumption, because everyone else’s meat consumption is going up and I don’t want to be left behind. Etc. You get the point. These are obviously bad arguments, but they share the same formal structure of the justifications used to rationalize the use of Facebook. Regardless of the context used, an appeal to the people is a logical fallacy. G+ is a better social network, not just in the “easier to use and I like it more” sense, but in the much more important sense of “open, inclusive, and user-controlled”. I think we have an ethical obligation to prefer open networks over closed networks not just for our own networking experiences, but for the sake of the networks themselves. Moving to G+ for me is closer to a kind of “internet environmentalism” whereby I’m trying to make choices that I […]
April 26, 2012

THERE’S SOME DISCUSSION GOING AROUND ABOUT…

There’s some discussion going around about the number line and innate intuition. This is a good time to talk about Meno’s Paradox! The paradox is raised by the sophist Meno as Socrates attempts to engage him in some philosophical inquiry. Meno wonders how we could possibly inquire into anything without already knowing the subject we are inquiring in to. Here’s the official statement of the paradox from Plato’s dialogue: Meno: And how will you enquire, Socrates, into that which you do not know? What will you put forth as the subject of enquiry? And if you find what you want, how will you ever know that this is the thing which you did not know? Socrates: I know, Meno, what you mean; but just see what a tiresome dispute you are introducing. You argue that man cannot enquire either about that which he knows, or about that which he does not know; for if he knows, he has no need to enquire; and if not, he cannot; for he does not know the, very subject about which he is to enquire. Socrates rejects the paradox immediately. Instead, he cites “priests and priestesses” who discuss something like reincarnation of the soul. Socrates says that if the soul is reincarnated, then we never really learn anything new. Instead, we simply recall things we’ve already experienced before. He says: “The soul, then, as being immortal, and having been born again many times, rand having seen all things that exist, whether in this world or in the world below, has knowledge of them all; and it is no wonder that she should be able to call to remembrance all that she ever knew about virtue, and about everything; for as all nature is akin, and the soul has learned all things; there is no […]
April 26, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM ROB MALDA

“Hammond assures me I have nothing to worry about. This robonews tsunami, he insists, will not wash away the remaining human reporters who still collect paychecks. Instead the universe of newswriting will expand dramatically, as computers mine vast troves of data to produce ultracheap, totally readable accounts of events, trends, and developments that no journalist is currently covering.” “That’s not to say that computer-generated stories will remain in the margins, limited to producing more and more Little League write-ups and formulaic earnings previews. Hammond was recently asked for his reaction to a prediction that a computer would win a Pulitzer Prize within 20 years. He disagreed. It would happen, he said, in five.” h/t +Michael Fagan Rob Malda originally shared this post: Algorithms that write the news http://m.wired.com/gadgetlab/2012/04/can-an-algorithm-write-a-better-news-story-than-a-human-reporter/all/1 Can an Algorithm Write a Better News Story Than a Human Reporter? | Gadget Lab | Wired.com Had Narrative Science — a company that trains computers to write news stories—created this piece, it probably would not mention that the company’s Chicago headquarters lie only a long baseball tos…
April 26, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM BRUNO GONÇALVES

“The social brain hypothesis has suggested that social network size (and structure) is constrained by a combination of cognitive processes and the time required to service social relationships. We test this hypothesis in humans using a unique 18-month mobile phone dataset by examining changes in the structure of social networks across a major change in subjects’ social and geographical circumstances. Our analysis reveals that the time allocation patterns of call frequency by participants to network members have a distinctive overall shape, where a small number of top-ranked network members received a disproportionately large fraction of calls, with some individual variation. However, importantly, whilst there was a large turnover of individual network members, these changes have little effect on the time allocation patterns of each individual: individuals thus displayed a distinctive “social signature” that was both persistent over time and independent of the identities of the network members. *This provides the first direct evidence that social networks are constrained by a combination of cognitive constraints and the time individuals have available for social interaction, confirming one of the key assumptions of the social brain hypothesis.*” Bruno Gonçalves originally shared this post: The persistence of social signatures in human communication. (arXiv:1204.5602v1 [physics.soc-ph]) The social brain hypothesis has suggested that social network size (and structure) is constrained by a combination of cognitive processes and the time required to service social relationships. We test this hypothesis in humans using a unique 18-month mobile phone dataset by examining changes in the structure of social networks across a major change in subjects’ social and geographical circumstances. Our analysis reveals that the time allocation patterns of call frequency by participants to ne…
April 26, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM CHARLIE HOOVER

Charlie Hoover originally shared this post: One thing is for sure, we humans certainly know how to get around! Mesmerizing Visualization Maps Every Transportation Route on Earth [VIDEO] “Welcome to the Anthropocene” maps every land and water transportation route on earth in a celestial three-minute clip.
April 26, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM A.J. CANN

“So far, the Portable Legal Consent is valid only in America, although Sage Bionetworks is looking at ways of adapting it to fit the legal frameworks of China and the European Union. How quickly the idea will catch on remains to be seen. But if it does, other sorts of researchers who rely on gathering personal data—for example in sociology or in tracking energy use in homes—may find it attractive. And that would enable research of a sort that is now impossible, by opening up the field of quantifiable social science.” ____ Awesome! I’ve been writing about consent and consensus as part of my #attentioneconomy series, and I’m happy to see the reworking of consent as part of the dialogue. The discussion here seems to be dramatically limited in scope; the issue is part of the move for Portable Legal Consent in genomics research. You can read more about it here: http://weconsent.us/ The website includes a link to an endorsement written in Nature Genetics: http://www.nature.com/ng/journal/v44/n4/full/ng.2244.html This is very interesting stuff! A.J. Cann originally shared this post: The Only Way Is Ethics In an age where people promiscuously post personal data on the web and regularly click “I agree” to reams of legalese they have never read, news of yet another electronic consent form might seem like a big yawn. But for the future of genomics-related research the Portable Legal Consent, to be announced shortly by Sage Bionetworks, a non-profit research organisation based in Seattle, is anything but mundane. Consent 2.0 Sign here IN AN age where people promiscuously post personal data on the web and regularly click “I agree” to reams of legalese they have never read, news of yet another electronic…
April 25, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM JENNIFER OUELLETTE

Jennifer Ouellette originally shared this post: There’s a hint of the “duh” quality to this research, but interiguing nonetheless. “It turns out, they say, that various online behaviors are a good indicator of personality type. For example, conscientious people are more likely to post asking for help such as a location or e-mail address; a sign of extroversion is an increased use of emoticons; the frequency of status updates correlates with openness; and a measure of neuroticism is the rate at which blog posts attract angry comments.” Psychologists Use Social Networking Behavior to Predict Personality Type – Technology Review The ability to automatically determine personality type could change the way social networks target services to users
May 8, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM JUSTIN KIGGINS

Sharing a comment from +Andrea Kuszewski‘s thread: https://plus.google.com/u/0/108998673146368660257/posts/jUygM2iG7U1 +Andrea Kuszewski Great article! You say: “The brain is actually not like a computer; it doesn’t always follow the rules.”. This is a curious claim. The brain obviously follows some rules, and they are quite clearly going to be rules that follow both electronic (in the sense of synapses firing) and computational in the sense that it can be given a formal (and indeed, a computable) characterization. In other words: the brain is quite literally a computer. Turing deals with this mistake explicitly in his original 1950’s article, under the section entitled “The Informality of Behavior”, and rejects it as an objection to artificial intelligence. http://www.loebner.net/Prizef/TuringArticle.html What I think you mean in this article, which are otherwise quite good, is that the human brain doesn’t work like “computers”, those manufactured devices we buy for a thousand or so dollars, that comes with a screen and a keyboard and such. Human brains obviously don’t work anything like those things. This is the public perception of a “computer” as a commodity; it is the impression that a computer is a desktop or a laptop, that a smartphone and a tablet are “small computers”, and that there are big scary things called “supercomputers” and who knows what they do. These are what give rise to the the sci fi stereotype that computers only “follow rules”, or who have to “break their programming” (usually with an “emotion chip”) in order to be a real boy. This is the Pinocchio myth of AI, and it plagues the popular discussion. But that’s not what computers are at all. Computers follow rules, but they are the same kind of organizational rules that all computational systems (including human minds) follow. The computers we interact with and use on a daily […]
May 8, 2012

TERMES PROJECT: ALGORITHMIC SELF-ASSEMBLY…

TERMES Project: Algorithmic Self-Assembly This video shows examples of decentralized algorithms for collective construction, generated by a global-to-local compiler that transforms a desired goal structure into a local robot behavior program. Using local sensing, and implicit coordination, multiple robots can simultaneously construct structures of different classes, while preserving intermediate constraints such as climbability and lock-placement restrictions. See the IROS 2011 workshop paper for more details. Read more on the bots here:; http://www.eecs.harvard.edu/ssr/projects/cons/termes.html Via +Evan Ackerman Automaton Blog: http://spectrum.ieee.org/automaton/robotics/diy/video-friday-robot-termites-dust-puppies-and-serious-social-issues TERMES Project: Algorithmic Self-Assembly
May 7, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM AZIMUTH

Azimuth originally shared this post: This New Yorker article is a good introduction to state of play in geoengineering – in particularly, the idea that artificially reducing the amount of sunlight hitting the Earth, or deliberately removing CO2 from the air, could limit global warming. I predict that at some point the majority public opinion on geoengineering will flip from “unthinkably risky” to “urgently desirable” – although, of course, not uniformly: it’ll be extremely divisive. “Last fall, the SPICE team decided to conduct a brief and uncontroversial pilot study. At least they thought it would be uncontroversial. To demonstrate how they would disperse the sulfur dioxide, they had planned to float a balloon over Norfolk, at an altitude of a kilometre, and send a hundred and fifty litres of water into the air through a hose. After the date and time of the test was announced, in the middle of September, more than fifty organizations signed a petition objecting to the experiment, in part because they fear that even to consider engineering the climate would provide politicians with an excuse for avoiding tough decisions on reducing greenhouse-gas emissions. Opponents of the water test pointed out the many uncertainties in the research (which is precisely why the team wanted to do the experiment). The British government decided to put it off for at least six months.” On the other hand, removing CO2 from the air seems harder to do at the necessary scale, but it would prevent ocean acidification, and Richard Branson has offered a Virgin Earth Challenge prize of 25 million dollars to anyone who can devise a process that would drain large quantities of greenhouse gases from the atmosphere. Thanks to +Jim Stuttard for pointing this out. Can Geoengineering Solve Global Warming? The best solution, nearly all scientists agree, […]
May 6, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM CLIMATE NEWS

h/t +Jon Lawhead Climate News originally shared this post: New forecasting system appeared to accurately forecast the US Summer heat wave. Luo and Zhang in GRL: “We found that starting from April 2011, the operational CFSv2 forecast consistently suggested an elevated probability of extremely hot days during the forthcoming summer over the Central Plains, and as the summer was approaching the forecast became more certain about the summer heat wave in its geographic location, intensity and timing. This study demonstrates the capability of the new seasonal forecast system and its potential usefulness in decision making process.” For more information about CFSv2 see http://cfs.ncep.noaa.gov/cfsv2.info/ h/t David Appell at http://davidappell.blogspot.co.uk/2012/05/interesting-new-research.html Did we see the 2011 summer heat wave coming? Geophysical Research Letters publishes short, concise research letters that present scientific advances that are likely to have immediate influence on the research of other investigators. GRL letters …
May 6, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM JOHN BAEZ

John Baez originally shared this post: Most people are below average! Human performance is often not distributed according to the famous ‘bell curve’ or ‘Gaussian’. Instead, a small number of people vastly outperform the rest. A new study shows that in 186 out of 198 groups ranging from physics professors and Grammy nominees to cricketers and swimming champion, a small group of ‘superstars’ account for much of the success of the group as a whole. That means the majority are performing below the mathematical average – or to be precise, the ‘arithmetic mean’. This should not be depressing news, but it does mean that blindly modelling people’s behavior using a bell curve is a bad idea. So is expecting that ‘average’ means ‘typical’. Put Away The Bell Curve: Most Of Us Aren’t ‘Average’ : NPR For decades, teachers, managers and parents have assumed that the performance of students and employees fits what’s known as the bell curve — in most activities, we expect a few people to be very good…
May 6, 2012

WHAT ARE HUMAN RIGHTS? I SEE PEOPLE QUESTIONING…

What are Human Rights? I see people questioning the very idea of “human rights”, usually on the basis of a misunderstanding of just what a “right” is. They ask questions like “where do rights come from”, as if there must be some authority that makes “rights”, and absent such an authority, there are no rights. These are conceptual confusions, a product of a failure to educate ourselves in basic civics. So let’s learn some political theory together! A right is something that a community thinks is necessary for that community to be just. Rights are the duties that the society owes its members in order to respect their basic dignity, humanity, and autonomy. For instance, we think we have a right to free speech. This right doesn’t “come from” anywhere; instead, this is a value our society holds. If we were to stop stop respecting the people’s right to speak freely, we’ve explicitly come to a consensus that this would go against our collective values. If we start repressing free speech, we are in some important sense derelict in our duties to the public. So, for instance, when China violates human rights through internet censorship, the US will openly declare this to be a violation of human rights, and will urge them to change their ways. There is no “objective list” of what these rights are, and they aren’t eternal handed down from some absolute authority. Nevertheless, there are a series of rights that are acknowledged in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, which is the official UN document that is signed and endorsed by all its member states. The UDHR lists 30 distinct articles including both positive and negative rights. You can read the whole Declaration here: http://www.un.org/en/documents/udhr/ The preamble gives a great introduction to what a right is, […]
May 5, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM PATRICK BEJA

The descriptions of the technology don’t do it justice, but the example applications at the end of this video will make your imagination run wild. Screenless devices ftw. h/t +Rebecca Spizzirri Patrick Beja originally shared this post: “Touché” brings touch technology to doorknobs and water. Yes, seriously. This opens up a bunch of cool possibilities that I can’t wait to see materialized into the world by science and tech warlocks. Cool stuff ! (source: http://www.newscientist.com/blogs/onepercent/2012/05/touche-brings-touch-controls-t.html)
May 4, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM JERRY NGUYEN

This isn’t just one stupid judge. These are systemic problems. The existing order of things is categorically incapable of handling the terms and conditions of the digital age responsibly and coherently. We don’t just need news judges or new laws. We need a new organizational system entirely. Jerry Nguyen originally shared this post: Judge Jackson made it clear that Facebook posts (e.g. status updates, comments, etc.) “…constituted enough speech to be considered speaking out as a matter of public concern.” This wins Facebook posts that coveted “protected speech’ status. In other words, posts contain “actual statements”, but Facebook “likes”? A Facebook like “…is not the kind of substantive statement that has previously warranted constitutional protection.” Um…better write more posts! Thanks +Radium Yttrium for the article! Judge rules that you can be fired for “Liking” the wrong thing on Facebook You thought things were tense at the office when you hit ‘Like’ on the Team Edward Facebook page when your boss was overwhelmingly Team Jacob. This case involving a sheriff’s election might just make…
May 3, 2012

ANTS USE SOPHISTICATED FORMS OF AGRICULTURE…

Ants use sophisticated forms of agriculture and architecture, requiring domestication and engineering techniques that easily match human efforts in scale and sheer awe. But unlike human beings, ants have been using these technologies sustainably for over 100 million years. We have the audacity to openly speculate whether we are the only intelligent life form in the universe, while these technological wizards are working miracles right under our noses. #ants are #awesome “The ants cut hairs from the plant and weave them together into a hollow gallery, which extends down the side of the tree’s branches. Within the gallery, the ants hide inside small holes, jaws agape. From the outside, nothing can see them. If an insect lands on the trap, hundreds of lurking jaws seize its legs and pull it spread-eagled, as if on a medieval ‘torture rack’. The victim is overpowered and dismembered. This alliance between ant and plant involves a third partner. Within their shelters, the ants grow a single species of fungus from the Chaetothyriales group. Many ants, including the famous leaf-cutters, grow fungi for food but the Allomerus ants use their fungi for construction instead. It acts as the glue that binds the plant hairs in their traps. The plant provides the bricks and the foundations, the fungus provides the mortar, and the ants do the manual labour.” Read more here: http://io9.com/5907344/these-amazonian-ants-build-one-of-the-freakiest-deathtraps-in-the-animal-kingdomh/t +Matt Uebel Allomerus decemarticulatus trap on Hirtella physophora
May 3, 2012

RESHARED POST FROM ERGIN KOCYILDIRIM

“Cordyceps fungi can decimate entire ant colonies, but some colonies can keep an infestation at bay and survive for long periods of time. A new study now reveals how they do so. It turns out that the zombie-ant fungus is itself parasitized by another fungus, which limits its ability to reproduce and prevents it from overwhelming the colony. This microbial defence system allows the two species to stably co-exist and ensures the long-term survival of the colony despite a high rate of infection. “The Cordyceps fungi manipulate worker ants to leave their nest and march off to a nearby site where they will eventually meet their fate. These sites are mass graves littered with the bodies of nest-mates that have succumbed to the fungus. They can persist in the same location for years, growing steadily as ants arrive one by one to die. “Sandra Andersen of the University of Copenhagen and her colleagues took advantage of this. They analysed the growth rate of five graveyards containing ant corpses infected with Ophiocordyceps camponoti-rufipedis, all located within a 400 hectare nature reserve in the Brazilian rain forest. “They identified a total of 432 infected ants in the five sites, and characterized each one according to the developmental stage of the fungus. This showed that 1/8 of the ants had been freshly killed, and a similar number were somehow damaged and showed no obvious signs of fungal growth. Another 1/8 had an immature mushroom growing from their heads, but only 1/16 had mature mushrooms that produced spores. They also found that more than half of the dead ants in each graveyard harboured a second parasitic fungus.” #ants #awesome Ergin Kocyildirim originally shared this post: Walking Dead This is a bit scary… Zombie-ant parasitic fungus kept in check by hyperparasitic fungus Ant colonies are […]
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